Armenia, a small country located in the Caucasus region, has a rich and ancient history of winemaking that dates back over 6,000 years. The country's favorable climate, diverse terrain, and volcanic soil provide ideal conditions for growing a wide variety of grapes, resulting in the production of unique and flavorful wines.
The history of Armenian winemaking can be traced back to the Copper Age, with evidence of wine production found in the Areni-1 cave complex dating back to around 4100 BC. This discovery, which included a wine press, fermentation vats, and storage jars, is considered the oldest known winery in the world, highlighting Armenia's significant role in the history of winemaking.
Armenia is home to several indigenous grape varieties, many of which have been cultivated for centuries. Some of the most notable varieties include Areni, Voskehat, Haghtanak, and Kangun. Areni, a red grape variety named after the village of Areni in southern Armenia, is known for producing full-bodied, complex wines with notes of dark fruit, spice, and earth. Voskehat, a white grape variety, is prized for its crisp acidity and floral aromas.
In recent years, the Armenian wine industry has undergone a significant revival, with a new generation of winemakers focusing on producing high-quality, boutique wines that showcase the country's unique terroir and grape varieties. Many of these winemakers have embraced modern winemaking techniques while also preserving traditional methods and values.
One of the most notable developments in the Armenian wine industry has been the establishment of the Vine and Wine Foundation of Armenia (VWFA) in 2016. The VWFA is a non-profit organization that aims to promote and support the development of the Armenian wine industry, both domestically and internationally. The foundation has played a crucial role in raising awareness of Armenian wine, organizing events and tastings, and providing support to local winemakers.
The Armenian government has also recognized the potential of the wine industry and has implemented policies to support its growth. In 2011, the government passed a law on grape and wine production, which established a legal framework for the industry and set quality standards for Armenian wine. The government has also invested in infrastructure, such as roads and irrigation systems, to support the development of vineyards and wineries.
Armenian wines have gained increasing recognition and acclaim in recent years, with exports reaching new markets around the world. The United States, Russia, and the European Union are among the largest export markets for Armenian wine, with demand continuing to grow as more consumers discover the unique qualities of Armenian wine.
In addition to its economic importance, wine plays a significant role in Armenian culture and social life. Wine is often served at traditional feasts and celebrations, and is considered an essential part of Armenian hospitality. Many Armenians take great pride in their country's winemaking heritage and view wine as a symbol of their national identity.

Armenian cognac, also known as Armenian brandy, is another iconic product of Armenia's rich winemaking tradition. The production of Armenian cognac began in the late 19th century, when the Russian-born entrepreneur Nikolay Shustov established a distillery in Yerevan, the capital of Armenia. Shustov's cognacs quickly gained popularity throughout the Russian Empire and beyond, earning numerous awards and accolades.

The production of Armenian cognac follows the traditional French method, with distillation taking place in copper stills and aging occurring in oak barrels. However, Armenian cognac is distinct from its French counterpart in several ways. First, Armenian cognac is made primarily from indigenous grape varieties, such as Voskehat, Garan Dmak, and Mskhali, which give it a unique flavor profile. Second, the aging process for Armenian cognac typically takes place in local Caucasian oak barrels, which impart distinctive vanilla, caramel, and spice notes to the final product.

One of the most famous producers of Armenian cognac is the Yerevan Brandy Company, formerly known as the Ararat Brandy Company. The company's flagship brand, Ararat, is named after the biblical mountain located in eastern Turkey, which holds significant symbolic importance for Armenians. Ararat cognacs are known for their smooth, complex flavor and are available in a range of ages, from 3 to 30 years and beyond.
Armenian cognac has played a significant role in the country's history and culture. During the Soviet era, Armenian cognac was highly prized and often used as a diplomatic gift or a symbol of luxury and prestige. Many world leaders and celebrities, including Winston Churchill, Frank Sinatra, and Agatha Christie, were known to be fans of Armenian cognac.

Today, Armenian cognac remains an important export product for the country, with major markets including Russia, the United States, and the European Union. The Armenian government has recognized the significance of the cognac industry and has taken steps to protect and promote it, such as granting geographic indication status to Armenian cognac in 2010.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in Armenian cognac among connoisseurs and collectors, with rare and aged expressions commanding high prices at auction. The Yerevan Brandy Company, for example, has released limited edition bottlings, such as the Ararat Noyan Tapan 70-Year-Old brandy, which is one of the oldest and most expensive cognacs in the world.

Armenian cognac is not only enjoyed as a beverage but also plays a role in Armenian cuisine. It is often used as an ingredient in traditional dishes, such as the dessert known as "cognac cake," which features layers of honey cake soaked in cognac syrup.